Migration is a growing and changing global phenomenon, mainly between Africa and Europe and more recently among Latin American and Caribbean countries, mainly from countries with low socioeconomic development to more developed regions, but with high levels of inequality. These changes in migratory patterns have led to the migration of unaccompanied minors, which has increased the degree of vulnerability and abuse that this group has experienced. One of the best contributions of migration is the change in the population pyramid in increasingly aging continents due to increased life expectancy rates and to a decreasing pediatric population resulting from a declining fertility rate. In the Latin American and Caribbean region, only Chile, Costa Rica and Panama have a positive migratory balance in the Net Migration Rate (NMR) (more people enter the country than leave), which coincides with the 3 countries with a very high Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI combines several indicators: life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, and per capita income.

The objective of this work was to raise awareness of the state of immigration in the Latin American and Caribbean region and its impact on the pediatric population and its opportunity for the development of many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.